Research indicates that the characteristics we are born with have much more influence on our personality and development that any experiences we may have in our life. Which do you consider to be the mjor influence?

Schools do not provide initial platform for shaping one’s future but these are also thought to play a cardinal role in grooming children’s personality and teaching moral values. But with the passage of time, change in these values has influenced the student’s attitude ,more in a negative way ,ranging from minor incidents to a headline news in local newspapers.
Abusing either verbal or physical ,carelessness scolding are the behaviours frequently witnessed by school staff. Many factors are believed to be responsible of such indecent attitude. A child’s mind is very native yet quite vulnerable to his surroundings. For instance, increasing rate of crime and other illegal activities have produced quite destructive affects. Moreover , if parents attempt to prevent children from nasty affects of external environment this does not proof beneficial either as children are likely to spend more time in watching television which depicts more or less same situations as surroundings.
Furthermore , in UK ,it is a common observation that both parents must work to meet the both ends meet. In doing so children get neglected and a sense of insecurity creep up their mind. But one must not forget the role of schools and teachers in this respect. Discrimination and favorism by teachers can lead to problems in many cases.
Such problems can be tackled by collaborative efforts of society and parents. Like measures to reduce violence and crimes should be taken promptly to offer a peaceful and secure environment. Secondly, children are allowed to watch programmes only under supervision of adults. In addition to that it is the ultimate responsibility of parents to spend quality time with their children. Finally, schools have got prime responsibility to discourage sense of prejudice among children and warn teachers who display favorism.
In conclusion, I believe if we wish our youth to be wise adults we must provide them with suitable environment at schools and at home.

Improvements in health, education and trade are essential for the development of poorer nations. However, the governments of richer nations should take more responsibility for helping the poorer nations in such areas.

Article 1

 Today’s world has been divided into developing and industrialised countries which the main difference between them is the amount of money that governments apply in important sectors such as education, health and commerce. Most of the poorer nations are buried in debts as a result of their unbalanced finances which are reflect in a failed health care, an unstructured education system and a weak international trade. This vicious cycle will continue indefinitely unless wealthier nations show interest in minimizing the worldwide economic differences, as well as taking more responsibility for assisting less fortunate countries.

Most of the African countries live in sub-human conditions because of the extreme poverty, upheaval, hunger, disease, unemployment, lack of education and both inexperienced and corrupt administrations. The devastating consequences of the AIDS epidemic in those countries could improve if the infected population were to receive free drugs to control the disease, have access to health professionals and get information on how to prevent its spread. But this can only be achieved through international help programs in which leaders of the world’s richest countries donate medicine and also send doctors and nurses to treat and educate those in need.

Moreover, most of the poor countries rely on selling agricultural products and raw materials to rich nations and buying industrialized products from them resulting in a huge financial deficit. Consequently, they borrow a significant amount of money from the World Bank to try to improve their broken economies, but sometimes the money disappears with no significant changes and they cannot even pay the interest to the bank. Regarding this issue, last year the G8 'Group of 8' , which is comprised of leaders of the eight richest nations, decided to forgive billions of dollars worth of debt owed by the world’s poorest nations. In addition, they developed adequate loan programs to financially assist those countries.

In conclusion, leaders of the industrialised countries play an indispensable role in assisting developing nations in dealing with essential areas such as health, education and trade. Also, their aid is the key to breaking the vicious cycle, which results in poverty and death.

Some people believe that there should be fixed punishments for each type of crime. Others, however, argue that the circumstances of an individual crime, and the motivation for committing it, should always be taken into account when deciding on the punishment. Discuss both these views

Article 1

Punishments may decrease a crime but they can never end it. In the present era with inflation at its peak there is an ever increasing crime rate and to limit it we see new laws being tried now and then. Some people think fixed punishments for each crime is a better option still others think that circumstances should always be considered. 

Assigning a fixed punishment for a crime could create fear among the people for that crime and could decrease it but in my opinion although fixed punishments should be there but the whole scenerio and the motivation behind that crime can never be overlooked. No doubt crime is a crime no matter what made you do it and one should be punished for committing it but the severity of punishment should be decided on individual basis. 

For example killing someone is the biggest crime one could imagine but to do that in self defence changes the scenerio all together. So the best option is to define a punishment for breaking a law or committing a crime so that everyone would know what they are gonna face if they are caught but then a trial should be carried out in court so that justice could be provided to citizens as much as possible and no one would be over or under punished. 

Lastly punishments are not a solution to decrease crime rate we have to correct the root cause that is forcing the people to commit crime whether it be poverty, negligence of parents, bad company, inflation, media, lack of education or any other. To get a good fruit one has to sow good seeds.

Article 2

Governments created laws and seated punishments for individuals who break it , Even in the early ages of human life people tended to punish the crimanls . But does punishments will stop the occurance of crimes or help at least to decrease it rates ? 

First of all before punishing peaople we should look beyond the crime , what circumstances associated with , the mental status of the criminals and the motivation behind it , after analysing each factor we can set a punishment accoridgnly , So in case of self defense murder , or stealing because of poverty ,less punishments should be considered . Serving community service hours is a very effective and productive way in punishing people who commited a minor crimes , in this way both the individual and the community will benefit . 

Jail could be an excellent option for serious criminals , where they can be rehabilitated . Omer ibn al khatab was one of early islamic leaders during his years of leading had been asked , what the punishment for the needy people who would steal , he replied he would punish the person wo was the reson of there poverty , omer gave us a very nice example in considering crime cricumstances .but in the other hand some people think that fixed Punishments would be a better punishment because indiviulas will fear and think thousand times before commiting a crime , and also will not give criminals chance to manipulate the government by sitting fake situations and reasons for crimes . 

In conclusion corection of the situation that may lead to the crime and helping out the indiviuals is more important than punishing them .

On people’s skills in the past such as making their own clothes and doing repairs to things in the house already disappearing in many countries…

Humans are blessed with God-given talents and skills that make us different from each other. We have special abilities that help us in our daily activities and provide us with faculties for a brighter and better future. In particular, many people in the past had skills such as making their own clothes and doing repairs to things at home. However, in many countries nowadays, these particular skills are gradually disappearing. Why is this phenomenon occurring?

           Personally, I believe that this change is happening because of the recent surge of high technology gadgets and machineries that are very accessible at present times. Through these equipment, these simple household tasks could be done faster and with better quality. Furthermore, most people are busy with their careers and other family and work obligations that they do not have the luxury of time to perform the mundane jobs. Although, making and designing one’s own clothes help the person enhance his/her talents and provide one the chance to show his/her creations for personal pride and possible business ventures, the quantity of time required to do  such things could absolutely affect his/her employment, if he/she is presently working.  Moreover, doing repairs to things in the house could help save a lot of money but since majority of the people get paid hourly or monthly for their jobs, they believe that they could save more if they hire others to do the repairs for them instead of taking time off from their work therefore, resulting to a deduction from their compensation.

On the proliferation of private cars on the roads in many parts of the world leading to serious problems of pollution and contributing to global warming…Some people think that governments should spend money for the development of public transportation systems in order to alleviate this problem. Others think it is better to spend money for the development of electric and other types of cars that may cause less pollution.

Article 1

The rise in quantity of private cars on the streets in various parts of the world has caused a great deal of problems as well as being a contributing factor in global warming. The governments, as few individuals argue, should allot monetary resources to create and enhance their public transportation systems to help lessen this predicament. However, certain people believe that to decrease the level of pollution, new types of cars, for example, electric cars, should be developed instead. Which of the two options do you think is more beneficial?

Public transportation systems cost a lot of money but if properly used and maintained, it could be utilized for a long time. The governments should analyze the advantages of having a public transportation system for its citizens since it could help boost their economy and decrease the effects of pollution. In the long run, they do not only provide public service but they also protect the Earth from further deterioration.

On the contrary, some people attest that money spent on making electric and other types of cars is a more appropriate use of financial resources in order to help save our nature. They stand by their belief that through the invention of these cars, exhaust fumes from the vehicles are eradicated which will assist in keeping our air clean thus; airborne-related ailments are gradually diminished.

In my own personal opinion, I basically agree to the idea of governments allotting money to develop public transportation systems. We, the people, pay huge amounts of taxes annually so we must be able to see where our money is being spent on. Also, through this system, less private cars roam on the streets which will decrease pollution. Furthermore, we can also contribute to helping our environment by utilizing the system of carpools if it is impossible for us to use public transportation.

In conclusion, whether we support the use of public transportation system or electric cars, the most important thing is that we are contributing to help save Mother Earth.

Article 2

Pollution a small word yet a big dilemma which the modern world is facing. There are various types of pollution like noise pollution, air pollution, water pollution etc. Each one on its own is like a malignant disease which is spreading and destroying everything on its way. 

Lets take air pollution for instance, it is the leading cause of global warming which itself has many disastrous effects. There are many causes of pollution like with the increase of population there is also increase in the usage of private cars which is causing a lot of air pollution. To limit private cars two solutions are being proposed. 

One school of thought is that the use of public transportation instead of private cars would decrease the number of cars and thus the pollution. This includes large buses and trains etc that could accommodate large masses of people. 

The other group believing in modern technology thinks the use of pollution free cars such as electric cars is the key solution to this problem. The engineers are working really hard to develop pollution free cars and this area of technology is progressing day by day. So some people think that the government should invest in this field to decrease the problem of pollution. I would support the first group and would consider public transport a better option. 

The reason being it would cost less so it would put less burden on the financial resources of the country and similarly at the consumer end it would be economical for the poor people of the country. 

Electric cars may seems to be a fancy and dreamy option but it is not possible for the majority of the developing countries to invest a great amount of money in this field where children are dying of hunger. 

In short the rising pollution is the sole reason for many diseases and the drastic climate changes we are seeing nowadays so this problem cannot be overlooked. Measures have to be taken on large scale to alleviate this problem.

Article 3

Pollution is the biggest menace to human race on this planet today.if we pollute the environment ,then the existence of man&nature will be hampered. 
With the ever increasing rise in human population the purity of nature is facing great decline.more population demands for more means of transportation.this results into hazardous gases being leaked into atmosphere & cutting of tress taking heavy toll to human life.
To alleviate pollution there are two schools of thought.one says government spending more money on public transport i.e trains,trams,buses,public bicycles will help in fighting air pollution which I think is far way economical.as Tokyo's subway system is the most used in world.this is cost effective and in easy access.second school of thought says electric cars is a better option but I say it is too expensive for most developing countries of the world where hunger & health problems are main issues and streaming so much money in transport system in a reckless idea.
In short measures should be taken to help government taking measures to control pollution otherwise our earth will be the boiling pan!

Article 4

It is a fact that pollution has become a serious problem particularly in the developing countries. And the major factor contributing in this regard is obviously the ever increasing numbers of the private cars running around the cities. As a result people are being suffered from a wide range of problems such as number of people suffering from asthma are increasing as a result of air pollution. Furthermore, noise pollution can lead to depression and lack of concentration, affecting people from all walks of life. Besides, frequent traffic jams are being witnessed and drastic climatic changes are being experienced.
Since the health of people and integrity of environment are at stake, some people believe that concerned governments should spend money for the development of public transport. Because if the people have easy access to buses, cabs etc ,provided with cheaper fare, they can reach to their destination easily. In addition to that people will have more chance to contribute to tax. Individuals performance at offices and schools will likely to improve as they will be least affected by noise pollution.
In addition to that if standard of public transport is improved, it can help in alleviating health related diseases therefore it can effectively reduce burden on a country’s national budget.
Another school of thought suggests that governments should launch new and improved version of private cars in order to combat the pollution. This suggestion is far from reality as it will pose economic burden on country’s budget, moreover it is a proposal which is a rare possibility for third world countries, where people do not have access to basic necessities of life.
In conclusion, development and improvement of public transport can help in decreasing the pollution and will prove beneficial for public and economical for governments.

Today, the high sales of popular consumer goods reflects the power of advertising and the real needs othe the society in which they are sold . To what extent do you agree or disagree. Give reasons, include relevant examples from your knowledge or experience

 In recent time, the power of advertisement has accelerated in selling consumer goods which is aided by the new era of advancing technological developments.It is true that ,technology has aided in equipingthe advertisements by adding visual and acoustic effects to make it more presentable and attractive for the peopleof our society.some believes that the sales of popular consumer goods reflects the power of advertisements.My personal sentiments are however in contrary with thesaid idea,as advertisements may act as gimmick.
 Firstly, although advertisements have affected our society but it is not strong enough to subdue the basic needs of the society.The basic needs will always remain unaffected by the advertisements.For example,it is very likely for peolpes to come across the advertisements of soap beautyproducts or even cars and furnitures while watching a television program but unlikely to come across an advertisement of rice ,potato or vegetables which are an absolute requirement of a man on daily basis.The popularity of these food items will remain same and will certainly not get altered because of overwhelming advertisements.
Futhermore ,advertisements via different media have affected the upperclass of the society and the developed nations more than the lower class and underdeveloped nations.The poor and needy still buys goods as per their necessity.For instance,the population of the lower class and below poverty level people comprises of a significant proportion in comparision to the rich and higher class ,especially in coutries like india Africa etc.It is obvious that these people struggles for food ,cloth and shelter and this will be reflected by buying more basic items for their daily needs.They are unlikely to get deviated by any advertisrments.Thus the market will also reflect the needs of these people who forms a greater part of the society in underdevelope countries.
Lastly,even in the case of higher or middle class people,advertisements may alter the popularity of different brands for the same product but it cannot overshadow the real need of the society.
In conclusion,the advertisements has ramified itself as a part of consumerisation and market driven policies to improve the economy.However,it is not so massive as to outcast the real need of our society .

some people believe that protecting environment is the responsibility of individuals while others believe that collective global efforts can protect the environment better.give your own opinion

Pollution is one of the major dilemma the modern world is facing today. Our environment have suffered alot in the past few decades. Some people think that the solution to this problem lies in the hands of indviduals while others insist that the problem can only be overcomed by global efforts.We will have an arguemental debate on both these views and i will give my opinion in fourth paragraph. First of all, many efforts can be done on individual basis to protect the environment. 
The domestic wastes can be properly disposed off, trees could be planted by people, use of private cars should be minimized to decrease air pollution. 
Water pollution can be decreased if factory owners establish a proper method to detoxify wastes before dumping into rivers and lakes. 
On the other hand, people believing in global efforts, are of the view, that unless and until the whole world plays a role to protect the environment, nothing can be done on individual basis. They think that awareness should be created on international level like the movement of "EARTH HOUR" organized by WWF.
As the developed countries have more resources than developing countries so combine efforts are needed to save the environment. However, i think efforts, on individual level as well as international level, is the need of the hour. 
According to a survey conducted by University Of California, planting trees have increased about 10% in 2010 as compare to 2009, when compaigns were organised to emphasize the role of trees in protecting our environment. 
To sum up, as it is said "A stitch in time saves nine" so it is the right time, we start taking this problem seriously and try every means to protect our environment before it is too late.